Note: Single-source report; awaiting corroboration.
Wildfires destroyed 2.2 million hectares of land in the World Health Organization's European Region in 2025, a significant increase from 1.4 million hectares in 2022. In Spain and Portugal alone, the number of wildfires has more than doubled compared to the previous year. Fires near Madrid led the government to declare a national emergency and evacuate 10,000 people. Authorities described these fires as the worst ever recorded in the area.
In southern France, multiple wildfires have forced the evacuation of about 63,000 people and destroyed approximately 80 homes, according to national authorities. The damage extends beyond homes, impacting livelihoods and placing significant pressure on emergency services and healthcare systems.
The World Health Organization (WHO) links the intensification and increased frequency of wildfires to climate change, noting that rising temperatures, drier conditions, and urbanization contribute to longer wildfire seasons. WHO emphasizes that smoke from wildfires can worsen heart and respiratory conditions, especially among older adults, children, pregnant women, and those with chronic illnesses. Particulate matter in wildfire smoke is linked to lung and liver diseases, eye infections, cognitive impairment, and memory loss.
Simon Stiell, the UN’s lead climate change official, stressed the importance of accelerating the transition to renewable energy as a critical strategy to protect populations from escalating climate-related disasters, including wildfires. He noted that proactive action is essential for long-term global peace and security.
WHO advises individuals in wildfire-affected areas to follow official guidance, evacuate if safe, avoid unnecessary travel, and wear well-fitted protective masks outdoors if exposed to smoke. Governments are urged to provide timely weather alerts, clear health advice, accessible healthcare, and special assistance for at-risk populations. WHO Europe is working with countries to assess risks, prepare for emergencies, and strengthen resilience in health services and facilities.