Note: Single-source report; awaiting corroboration.
About 20 percent of global gas and oil supplies pass through the Strait of Hormuz, a strategic waterway between Iran and Oman. Recent conflict involving the United States and Iran has limited marine traffic, exposing countries to volatile prices and supply risks. This highlights the vulnerability of a global energy system heavily reliant on fossil fuels from a few regions. UN Secretary-General António Guterres notes that such turmoil underscores the risks of a fossil fuel-based system to global economic stability, especially for vulnerable populations.
Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower are becoming stable, domestically controlled, and cost-competitive alternatives to fossil fuels. According to Guterres, renewables now nearly equal fossil fuels in global installed power capacity and offer advantages such as no price spikes or embargoes. He describes renewables as the foundation of energy security and sovereignty, helping reduce emissions, lower pollution, create jobs, and cut long-term costs.
Norway’s electricity system is dominated by hydropower, providing around 90–95 percent of its electricity. While Norway remains a major exporter of oil and gas, its domestic power supply relies largely on renewables. The country is expanding offshore wind farms and electrifying transport, further reducing fossil fuel use in power generation.
Paraguay is a leader in clean energy, producing nearly 100 percent of its grid electricity from renewables, mainly hydropower. The Itaipu hydroelectric dam on the Paraná River, operated jointly by Brazil and Paraguay, enables this near-total renewable supply. However, Paraguay’s transport sector still relies on fossil fuels.