Note: Single-source report; awaiting corroboration.
According to a decade of ex-post OECD research, implementing more stringent environmental policies generally results in substantial environmental benefits while having limited effects on overall economic performance and industry employment.
Although the average economic impact is small, localised effects can be significant, creating winners and losers among firms and industries. The most polluting and least efficient firms may experience negative consequences.
The OECD stresses that environmental policies should be designed to maximize positive economic outcomes and provide support to workers, industries, and regions most affected, without undermining environmental improvements.