Note: Single-source report; awaiting corroboration.
Millions of Sudanese displaced by conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) are returning to their homes, mainly in Khartoum and Al Jazirah state, despite extensive damage to homes and essential infrastructure including water, health, and electricity services, according to IOM Deputy Director General Sung Ah Lee.
Ms. Lee noted that over two million additional people are expected to return to Khartoum alone in 2026, driven by some believing security has improved and by others facing untenable conditions in displacement, especially due to economic hardship in host countries.
The conflict, which began on 15 April 2023, has forced nearly 12 million people to flee heavily affected areas such as Al Jazirah, Khartoum, Sennar, and Kordofan, with over 4.5 million crossing into neighboring countries like Egypt, South Sudan, and Chad. About nine million remain internally displaced within Sudan.
Host communities in Kassala, Gedaref, Red Sea, Northern, and River Nile states have absorbed much of the displaced population, despite facing their own economic and climate-related challenges, putting further pressure on infrastructure.
Returnees in Al Jazirah face destroyed infrastructure that threatens livelihoods, with damaged irrigation systems and farming equipment undermining food production in this agricultural region at a critical time for Sudan.
The humanitarian response is described as severely underfunded. Ms. Lee emphasized that without urgent investment in services, infrastructure, and livelihoods, safe and long-term returns are at risk.
Despite diplomatic efforts, the conflict continues with severe violence and widespread human rights violations against civilians, including sexual violence.